The Magic of Being Outside
A blog featuring articles for Devon Preservation Association
"Encouraging all people to enjoy the power of nature"
A blog featuring articles for Devon Preservation Association
"Encouraging all people to enjoy the power of nature"
Written after a day spent with The Devon Preservation Society in the ancient meadows of Pudsham, Buckland-in-the-Moor
Pudsham meadow is bordered on one side by farmland and on the other by gorse and heather heathland of the high moor. It comprises the Bronze Age meadows of Small Field, Goat Field, Pudsham Meadow and Sylvia's Field.
by Roz Brady
all photos by Roz Brady
Cardinal Beetle
A young queen-bee is learning nectaring. She flops on and off the Yellow Rattle in their province in Small Field. She misjudged a landing, plunged, fell into the grass and was drenched in dew. Then, recovering, flew up to the flower heads again, slid off a buttercup, tumbled, grabbed at a petal which dislodged and dropped her back down into the thick mat of the meadow floor.
A carder bee, her hind legs hoary with pollen, chases a worker bee over the meadow. Tiny white moths flutter up out of the Yellow Rattle.
I notice this as I walk through the fields and meadows at Pudsham and take notes. The floral mix of each meadow is unique and represents them like separate coats of arms. I marvel at the flowers that have sprung up since my last visit several weeks ago.
The orchids are particularly elaborate with their exotic racemes of spurs, spikes and lobed lips. And peculiarly intelligent. The ivory spurred Greater Butterfly Orchid in Small Field for example. I've learnt each floret has little nodes for moths to kneel on when sipping nectar. Bumble-bees try to reach in, but the clever flower has designed itself so that the seduced bee finds her tongue too short to get to the nectar at the pit of each flower spur. I kneel down and inhale the orchids' astonishing wisteria-like scent. I imagine hawk moths and night moths streaming towards them over the moor—for moths will journey several miles to find a favoured flower. Rather like us I think as we negotiate our way through the orchids.
Greater Butterfly Orchid 'Each floret has little nodes on for the insects to kneel on whilst drinking.'
The spikes of scentless Twy-Blades, their miniscule green flowers seem ancient but they are, I heard, remarkable. As soon as the inner spur is touched by a visiting insect there is a tiny explosion in the heart of each flower. The drop of glue that results sticks the pollen clubs firmly onto the insect's head. You can try it yourself. The mechanism is extremely sensitive. Touch it with a hair from your head, the glue drop is immediately squeezed out.
Meanwhile I watch the bees being worked hard by other less exotic-looking flowers. The Lamb's-ears, Hawkweeds and the gold-orange coins of Bird's Foot Trefoil.
Tiny early forager bee spins over top of a pignut taking quick sips of nectar and tiny pollen dabs on her feet—Bombus Terrestris a white-tailed bee intrudes on another tiny bee's flower who squeals with a high pitched buzz. A breeze takes up, flicks petals open, blows buds, throws out the trifoliate leaves of the trefoil, bursts the round tips of a butterfly orchid and puffs goat willow catkins far and wide over the old wall, over Dartmoor westwards towards Widecombe
Wandering into Pudsham Meadow the ruby Lousewort are beginning to blossom. Later I discover the root of the Lousewort was made into a poultice as a cure for lice. I love these work-a-day folk names, One of my favourites is the old Devon name for a wild rose-hip: ‘pigs snout’. And red pimpernel—in Welsh Gaelic: Herb of the Witch woman. Dotted in the meadow here and there the magenta tongues of the Southern Marsh Orchid entice Cuckoo bees and Skipper butterflies into their hidden nectaries.
The 'magenta tongues' of the Southern Marsh Orchis.
Heath Spotted Orchid 'mysterious markings'
The Heath Spotted orchids take my breath away, their mysterious markings, their daubs of pale lilac on the wild moor.
Froghoppers, food for swifts gently stir in their crèche in the east corner. I learn that their presence shows this meadow is healthy.
Next generation of Summer Froghoppers
Bee taking shelter ' All of a sudden a hawker dragonfly slices the air. The bees stopped their wings, dropped to ground.'
A moth flutters out of the undergrowth, which I found later is the Brown Silver Line moth. Once I discovered a new moth fresh from its pupa. I watched it crawl onto a grass stem and expand its wings. I watched as they slowly filled out and then, after the moth had stretched them to their full extent, it flew away. The silver moth next to me shivering, imitates the hanging awns of the grasses. Then as quick as a cloud passes the bees move up again into the flower heads.
The sun ploughs a furrow in Sylvia's Field and, as I write field notes, a Cardinal beetle flutters up out of the grass tops onto my pencil. Meadow brown butterflies rise into the cock's foot grass. All of a sudden a blue Hawker dragonfly slices the air. The bees stopped their wings, dropped to ground.
The dragonfly accelerates, swerves, expertly somersaults crackling her menacing wings, grabs a young bee, drops into its perch in a water dropwort in the field corner by the stream and eats. Silence. Then as quick as a cloud scuds overhead the bees buzz into the flower heads again.
The drama goes on as we saunter through the wild plants that are enchanting us and calling us to their attention.
I love the little Eyebright growing by the path in Sylvia's Field, its bright, white and blue striated eyes. And the Celtic looking Black Knapweed throwing out their calyxes in the breeze to draw insects in. Ragged Robin has flushed up among the sedge in Sylvia’s field. In an old book by Endymion Beer called 'The Plants of Devon', I learn Ragged Robin and Knapweed were gathered for use in old Devon love charms; the forked petals were picked off one by one and the name of the wished-for lover chanted under the breath. The Ragged Robin is especially powerful. She bewitches moths and dragonflies, frogs and toads out of the stream and into the meadow.
Eyebright
So I try to use my senses to feel, smell and taste and my seventh sense to tune in to the secret life of the flowers and insects surrounding me here. I join my friends and we sit for a moment listening to the wind, watching granite clouds grind across the sky and observing worker bees gather pollen in the falling day. Skylarks are singing over the moor beyond the dry-stone walls.
Pudsham meadow day came to an end. As the last folk left and drove back to the hectic modern world, at Pudsham all is peaceful as it has been for thousands of years. Strange to think not long ago in former days England was abundant in meadows such as these.
Later on I reflect that Pudsham also moves through time. Its name, I discover, is ancient as the hills.
Thanks to Devon Preservation Association for saving and taking care of this rich, special place, and for inspiring me to write.
Pudsham Management History
In spring 2016, the Devon Preservation Association completed its purchase of a small area of land on Dartmoor. This land, previously owned by Elizabeth Proctor for about 20 years, was managed under an agreement with the Dartmoor National Park Authority due to its significance as a traditional hay meadow. With the help of a generous legacy, the DPA acquired it to ensure its continued conservation
All of these fields are not only valuable wildlife habitats but also recognized as a County Wildlife Site. Pudsham Meadow, the first field on the left as the bridleway leaves Pudsham Down, is particularly remarkable. According to Dartmoor National Park ecologists, it stands as one of the finest hay meadows within the National Park. the UK Biodiversity Action Plan identifies such fields as Priority Habitat due to their alarming decline over the past half-century. Now, they are highly localized, and Dartmoor alone accounts for about 6% of the national resource—Pusham is truly a gem.